2nd Year History 2 Marks EM
2 Marks
- Mention any two inscriptions of the Satavahanas
The “Naneghat Inscription” and the “Nasik Inscription” are significant among Satavahana inscriptions. The “Naneghat Inscription” reveals the victories of Satakarni, while the “Nasik Inscription” highlights the greatness of Gautamiputra Satakarni.
- Names of any two rulers of the Vishnukundins
Madhavavarma I and Manchana Bhattaraka are prominent among the Vishnukundina rulers. Madhavavarma was the founder of the Vishnukundina dynasty, whereas Manchana Bhattaraka was the last ruler.
- Trilinga Desa
“Trilinga Desa” is another name for the Andhra region. The region acquired the name “Trilinga Bhumi” or “Trilinga Desa” based on the three Lingas (manifestations of Lord Shiva) located at the three Shaivite pilgrimage sites of Srisailam, Draksharamam, and Kaleswaram.
- Chalukya Bhima
Chalukya Bhima (892–921 CE) was a prominent ruler of the Eastern Chalukya dynasty. He built the “Chalukya Bhimeswara Temple.” This temple is located in Bhimavaram, one of the Pancharamas (five sacred Shiva shrines) in the Andhra region. He also patronized Sanskrit poets and musicians.
- Nrutya Ratnavali
The text Nrutya Ratnavali was authored by Jayapa Senani. It is an important Sanskrit work that describes the dance, music, various dance styles, and musical instruments prevalent during the Kakatiya period.
- Saluva Timmarusu
Saluva Timmarusu was the Prime Minister (Mahapradhana) and a military commander under Sri Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire. He was also known as “Appaji”. Timmarusu was an astute statesman and a capable administrator. Sri Krishnadevaraya achieved numerous victories with his counsel.
- Amuktamalyada
Amuktamalyada is a renowned Telugu Prabandha (narrative poem) authored by the Vijayanagara Emperor Sri Krishnadevaraya. It depicts the story of the devotion of Andal (Goda Devi) towards Lord Sriranganatha. It is considered one of the finest literary works in Telugu.
- Veerabrahmendra Swamy
Potuluri Veerabrahmendra Swamy was a prominent devotional saint and philosopher from the Kadapa district. He accepted disciples from all castes. He authored a book of prophecies known as Kalagnanam. His teachings promoted equality, devotion, and spirituality.
- Battle of Chandurthi (1758)
The Battle of Chandurthi (1758) took place on December 7, 1758 at Chandurthi, near Rajahmundry. This battle was fought between British forces led by Colonel Forde and French forces. The French were defeated in this battle. Consequently, French dominance over the Northern Circars ended, laying the foundation for British rule in Andhra.
- Blue Water Policy
The “Blue Water Policy” was implemented by the Portuguese representative Francisco de Almeida. The primary objective of this policy was to build a strong naval force to establish dominance over maritime routes. Through this, the Portuguese sought to secure a monopoly over trade in the Indian Ocean.
- Thomas Munro
Thomas Munro was a prominent official during the British colonial period. In 1800 CE, he was appointed as the first Collector of the Ceded Districts (Rayalaseema). He introduced the Ryotwari system in 1802 CE, which established a direct relationship between the government and the farmers.
- Kandregula Jogi Pantulu
Kandregula Jogi Pantulu was a prominent interpreter who assisted the British. With his help, the British were able to secure rights over the Northern Circars from Nizam Ali Khan. He played a key role in the acquisition of the Northern Circars.
- Vignana Chandrika Mandali
Komarraju Venkata Lakshmana Rao established the “Vignana Chandrika Mandali” in 1906. Through this organization, he published books on history and science in Telugu, thereby fostering an interest in knowledge and history among the Telugu people.
- Kanneganti Hanumanthu
Kanneganti Hanumanthu was a freedom fighter who led the Palnadu Forest Satyagraha. He mobilized tribals and farmers to struggle against forest taxes (Pullari). He was shot dead by the British police during this movement.
- Mark Hunter
Mark Hunter was the Principal of Rajahmundry Arts College. During the Vandemataram movement, when students arrived at the college wearing “Vandemataram” badges under the leadership of Gadicherla Harisarvottama Rao, Mark Hunter expelled them from the college. This incident is known as the “Rajahmundry College Incident.”
- Andhra Mahasabha
The first Andhra Mahasabha was held in Bapatla on May 20, 1913, to advocate for the rights of the Andhra people, the development of the language, and the achievement of a separate Andhra state. B.N. Sarma presided over the event. It laid a crucial foundation for the formation of a separate Andhra state.
- Krishna Patrika
Krishna Patrika was a prominent nationalist newspaper published in the Telugu language. It played a pivotal role in fostering nationalist sentiments, political consciousness, the Swadeshi spirit, and Andhra unity among the Telugu people, thereby strengthening the Andhra movement.
- Puchalapalli Sundarayya
Puchalapalli Sundarayya was a prominent communist leader and freedom fighter. He popularized the concept of “Visalandhra” and strove for the unification of the Andhra and Telangana regions. His book, Prajarajyam in Visalandhra, served as an inspiration for the Visalandhra movement.
- Srikrishna Commission
The Central Government constituted the Srikrishna Commission on February 3, 2010, to examine the issue of the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh. It was headed by Justice B.N. Srikrishna. The commission studied the Telangana versus United Andhra issue and submitted its report on December 30, 2010.
- How did the name “Konda Reddy Buruju” originate?
The name “Konda Reddy Buruju” (Konda Reddy Fort/Bastion) is derived from Konda Reddy, a ruler of Alampur. He was imprisoned in this fort by the Nawab of Kurnool. According to accounts, he escaped from there through a secret tunnel; hence, the bastion came to be known as “Konda Reddy Buruju.”
- Horsley Hills
Horsley Hills is a famous hill station located in the Annamayya district of Andhra Pradesh. It is also known as the “Ooty of Andhra.” This place was developed in 1870 CE by a European official named W.D. Horsley. Its cool climate and beautiful natural landscapes attract tourists.
22. Name any two beaches in Andhra Pradesh.
Ramakrishna Beach (Visakhapatnam)
Suryalanka / Bapatla Beach
23. Mention any two eco-tourism and adventure tourism spots in Andhra Pradesh
Two prominent eco-tourism and adventure tourism destinations in Andhra Pradesh are:
- Araku Valley
- Borra Caves
These places are renowned for their natural beauty, trekking opportunities, and adventure activities.
- Kotappakonda Temple Fair
The Kotappakonda temple festival is celebrated grandly every year on the occasion of Maha Shivaratri at the Shiva temple situated atop the Kotappakonda hill in Guntur district. The main attraction of this festival is the 60–70 feet tall “Prabhas” (towering, colorful decorative structures). This festival, featuring vibrant decorations, attracts both devotees and tourists.
- Homo Sapiens
“Homo Sapiens” means “Wise Man” They are modern humans. They possess characteristics such as a highly developed brain, the ability to reason, language skills, and a social way of life.
- Gilgamesh Epic
The Epic of Gilgamesh is a famous poem from the ancient Mesopotamian civilization. It recounts the life of Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk, his adventures, and his quest for immortality. It is recognized as one of the oldest epic poems in the world.
- Pyramid of Giza
The Pyramid of Giza is the most famous pyramid in ancient Egypt. It was built as the tomb for the Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu. The Pyramid of Giza is renowned for being the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World that still stands today.
- Mention any two philosophers of Ancient Greece
Two of the most influential philosophers from Ancient Greece are Socrates and his student Plato.
- Islamic Calendar
The Islamic calendar is also known as the Hijri calendar. This system of timekeeping began with the Hijra—the event of Prophet Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE. It is a lunar-based calendar, and the years are designated as AH (Anno Hegirae).
- The Crusades (Religious Wars)
The Crusades were a series of religious wars fought between Christians and Muslims from the 11th to the 13th century CE. These wars were waged to reclaim Jerusalem (the Holy Land) from Muslim control.
- Monastery
A monastery is a religious institution where Christian monks live, dedicating their time to prayer, study, and labor. Monasteries have provided significant services in the fields of education, healthcare, and the arts.
- Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer. His voyages introduced the American continent to Europeans and paved the way for the Age of Discovery.
- Michelangelo
Michelangelo was a renowned Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet. He is celebrated as one of the greatest artists of the Renaissance era. His works—such as the statue of David, the Pietà sculpture, and the paintings in the Sistine Chapel—have achieved worldwide fame.
- Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci was a prominent Italian painter, scientist, and engineer, and a polymath of the Renaissance era. His paintings, “Mona Lisa” and “The Last Supper”, are world-famous.
- John Calvin
John Calvin was a prominent French religious reformer and a leader of the Protestant movement. Seeking to reform Christianity, he propagated the doctrine known as Calvinism. His ideas laid a strong foundation for the religious reformation movement in Europe.
- Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was a significant event that took place in America on December 16, 1773. In protest against the tax on tea imposed by the British government, American protesters (colonists) dumped 342 chests of tea from British ships into Boston Harbor. This event became known as the “Boston Tea Party” and served as a major catalyst for the American War of Independence.
- Bloody Sunday
Bloody Sunday occurred in Russia on January 22, 1905. Many people died when the army opened fire on a crowd holding a peaceful rally. This event is known as “Bloody Sunday” and became one of the primary causes of the Russian Revolution.
- Sun Yat-Sen
Sun Yat-sen was a Chinese revolutionary leader renowned as the “Father of Modern China.” Under his leadership, the rule of the Manchu dynasty was brought to an end in 1912, and China was transformed into a republic.
- Young Italy
“Young Italy” was a secret nationalist organization founded by Giuseppe Mazzini in 1831. Its primary objective was to establish a unified Italian nation. The organization fostered patriotism among the youth and laid a strong foundation for the movement to unify Italy.
- Ems Telegram
The Ems Telegram was a political maneuver employed by Otto von Bismarck in 1870. Bismarck edited and published the details of a conversation that had taken place between King William I of Prussia and the French ambassador. Feeling insulted by this, France declared war on Prussia. This incident paved the way for the unification of Germany.
- Crimean War
The Crimean War was fought between 1854 and 1856, pitting Russia against Britain, France, and the Ottoman Empire. Russia was defeated in this conflict. The Italian leader Camillo di Cavour supported Britain and France during the war, which subsequently enabled Italy to secure international support for its own unification.
- Zollverein
The Zollverein was a free trade union formed among the German states. It eliminated internal taxes and tariffs between these states, thereby fostering the growth of trade. It laid the foundation for Germany’s economic unity and, ultimately, its political unification.
- Triple Entente
The Triple Entente was a military alliance formed in 1907, comprising Britain, France, and Russia. The agreement stipulated that if one member nation were attacked, the others would consult and provide mutual assistance. It was one of the key factors that led to World War I.
- Declaration of Human Rights of UNO
On December 10, 1948, the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in Paris, France. Under this declaration, every individual possesses fundamental rights such as liberty, equality, education, the right to life, freedom of opinion, and freedom of religion. December 10 is observed annually as Human Rights Day.
- Pearl Harbor Incident
The attack on Pearl Harbor took place on December 7, 1941. Japan launched a surprise attack on the Pearl Harbor naval base located in Hawaii, USA. The United States suffered massive losses due to this attack. Consequently, the United States entered World War II.
- The Cold War
The Cold War was a period of tension between the United States (USA) and the Soviet Union (USSR) that lasted from approximately 1945 to 1991, following World War II. There was no direct military combat between the two nations; instead, they competed to expand their respective spheres of influence. For this reason, it is known as the “Cold War”.
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